This is part three on the evolution of the four-square garden. To start at the beginning, go to part one.

After the renovation

September 2011: The garden after renovation

The trouble with gardens is that plants grow. That is a good thing, of course, but no garden stands still, and before you know it is overgrown.

Four-square in its prime

The garden in its romantic prime

I think the problem with the four-square garden was too many different species crammed into too small a space.

Yes, it was beautiful, but it required far too much management to stay that way.

(Remember: we have more garden beds, this garden alone — at 44ft wide and long — is as large as many backyards.)

I had often imagined that the space would be much easier to take care of with one small ornamental tree in the center of each square surrounded by some sort of perennial groundcover. I envisioned a multi-stemmed crabapple with an under-planting of a low-growing perennial geraniums. The idea remained in the back of my mind while I hemmed and hawed and complained about how much work it would be to redo the garden.

Bob May

Bob May: The plant sculptor

If we did it, the boxwood hedge would stay, of course, but all other plants would have to be removed and either given away or composted. Just contemplating such destruction was a difficult hurdle to overcome! And the work: I shuddered to even think about all that digging.

What finally made it happen was a phone call in October 2010 from Bob May, the master pruner and landscape gardener, who regularly prunes our boxwood hedge. He and his crew were in need of a project, as his garden work had dried up near the end of the season.

My husband and I didn’t need to discuss it for long: if he wanted it, Bob had the job. Fortunately, Bob is a plant lover, and so he took many of the perennials that he and a helper dug out.

Blank slate

Blank slate: Aside from a few lavendar plants

The rest we gave to another friend who had been a garden helper here for a couple of seasons. That way, if I ever want a piece of my favorite peony back, I know where to find it.

Leftovers were composted, and we replanted the bulbs into other garden beds.

Thanks to Bob and his crew’s hard work, by mid-October the garden was blank slate again. Meanwhile, I had no trouble finding the trees I wanted. The property behind us is rented out to Braun Nurseries, a large-scale tree grower and wholesaler, and there during a dog walk I found and tagged four multi-stemmed crabapple trees (Malus sargentii), to be dug for us in the spring.

Trees to be planted

April 2011: Special delivery: four massive multi-stemmed crabapples

Trees to be planted

Yup, pretty big root balls, sniffs Toby

In April, Braun’s truckers delivered the trees into our yard. I was shocked at how huge their root balls were.

How do we move them into the garden and get them planted? That was our next challenge.

Fortunately, the nursery foreman had the perfect solution: he would send around a team of four Mexican workers, employed by the nursery for the season, who would do the job after hours for cash.

Tree planting

Strong men for a tough job: what luck to get their help

The men came saw and conquered: within an-hour-and-a-half all four trees were planted. We were delighted to pay them three times their hourly rate for this amazing feat.

planting tree

Cutting off as much burlap as possible

As for the groundcover planting, by now I had decided against perennial geraniums, in favor of lavender.

We had used lavender as an edging plant in the garden and it always looked nice, so I kept the lavender plants that were in the garden and ordered more to edge each of the four beds. It took all season before the lavender filled in, but by September it was in bloom and looked great.

I know that lavender isn’t the most low maintenance plant – it has to be trimmed in the spring, and in our climate it is not the most long-lived perennial, but for the moment, it will do the job.

After the reno

Lavender edges the beds in the garden after the renovation

Was it all worth it? I think so and I love the look of our radically simplified garden.

The last in a three part-series: Read Part 1 and Part 2. Our property is for sale: see listing.

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Four-square, May24-2006

May 24, 2006: Before the boxwoods have filled in

The four-square garden was gloriously romantic in its heyday. In spring, clumps of tulips and daffodils and Euphorbia polychroma would start the show.

Mystery peony

My favorite peony with allium 'Purple Sensation' (alas, I have lost the peony cultivar name)

The early bloomers were followed by peonies, which bloomed at same time as my favorite ‘Purple Sensation’ alliums.

We also planted Siberian iris and used English lavender, plus catmint and ladies mantle as edgers. Clematis vines scrambled over two tuteurs painted muscari blue. (My husband took actual muscari flowers to the paint store to get them color-matched.)

four-square June 2006

June 2006: The long grass in the back is the neighborhing tree farm. The grass is cut in early summer, and it never looks as romantic afterwards

In mid- to late-summer, the palette turned from pastels to warmer colors with ‘Zagreb’ threadleaf coreopsis and Rudbeckia ‘Goldsturm’ and purple coneflower.

Unlike other parts of our garden which are dominated by ornamental grasses, here, I used them sparingly as accent plants: a Miscanthus ‘Morning Light’ in each of the front two squares.

However, the inner corner of each square featured a tall moor grass (Molinia arundinacea ‘Skyracer’), which was stunning in fall as its arching flower stems embraced the limestone sundial, which my husband John carved as a garden focal point.

The sundial base is a replica from English design of 1670, and it took him three years to learn the carving techniques to create and finish it. (The making of the sundial base will be the subject of another upcoming post.)

Fall 2009

Fall 2009: Tall moor grasses embracing my husband's sundial

So why did all that have to go? Well, no garden stands still, plants grow and some get out of control. Some of the perennials and the moor grass were self-seeding excessively. The Goldstrum rudbeckias proved too vigorous for the space. Nasty crown vetch weed had invaded one square and had imbedded itself around peony roots.

Weeding the garden

The summer student weeding team, hard at work in the four-square garden.

Previous attempts to tame the garden – we removed the worst self-seeders, plants like catmint and Knautia macedonica – helped, but the changes weren’t enough to tame the workload. The four-square garden had become the most labor-intensive of all my planted areas

The paths in particular were a nightmare: every manner of weed and perennial seemed to germinate enthusiastically in the gravel. For several years, I hemmed and hawed about doing anything drastic.

Renovating the garden to radically simplify it would be a herculean job. Every bulb and perennial would have to be dug out – a job that I, now a decade older and plagued with repetitive strain injuries, could never imagine doing myself.

four square august 2009

Aug. 2009: Goldsturm rudbeckia in bloom, 'Limelight' hydrangea shrubs (background)

Click here for Four-square evolution: Part 3, in which we bite the bullet, and renovate, with some outside help, which made all the difference. (Read Part 1 here.)

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The evolution of our four-square garden

by Yvonne Cunnington on January 19, 2012 · 5 comments

in Design,Landscaping

This is the first of a three-part series about our four-square garden.

four-square, June 2006

The four-square garden at a most beautiful moment in June 2006

garden layout

My intitial drawing for the four-square garden

Most gardens aren’t planned: they just evolve with the seasons and their owners’ growing confidence. The layout of this garden was actually planned: first it was a vegetable garden, but then we transformed it into a perennial garden, which it was for a decade.

But in the fall of 2010 we removed everything, except the hedge. Last spring, we replanted, and now the garden is in its third iteration.

Part one explains how the ideas for the garden evolved. Part two will show it as a thriving flower garden. In the last installment, I discuss the reasons for renovating the beds after 10 years, and show you the results.

Chapter 1: Four-square garden starts out as vegetable garden

blank slate to vegetable garden

From field to vegetable garden

This was one of the first areas of the property that we worked on.

This garden is 44 feet long and wide and began as a formally-laid out vegetable bed with four squares, bordered by four L-shaped planting areas wide enough for a hedge.

Why straight lines and squares?

Well, I love formal straight lines, but most of our property is rolling, which calls for curved lines and naturalistic plantings. However, the land at this particular spot is almost level, which made straight lines workable.

Vegetable garden

As vegetable garden with wood chip paths

The layout was inspired by traditional potager gardens surrounded by clipped hedges, which we admired on trips to England.

As a vegetable garden, this patch yielded more edibles and cutting annuals than the two of us could manage.

Transitioning to perennials made sense. This wasn’t hard to do: after the season’s harvest was gathered and the garden cleaned up, we had a clean slate the next spring. I dug many of the perennials out of my old city garden, where my in-laws now lived, acquired others as divisions from friends, and also scooped up bargains at sales. I even grew plants from seed.

fountain grass hedge

The garden in 2001 with fresh gravel paths and annual fountain grass hedge

On our wish list there were two expensive components, a more permanent path — to replace the wood chips we were using — and a boxwood hedge. To spread the cost over a longer time frame, we added these over a couple of seasons.

contruction

Installing path: front, my stepson Erik, working hard on a hot day

For the path, we hired a friend in the landscape business. He had a two-man crew, and my husband pitched in, along with his university aged son.

We dug the paths to a depth of eight inches and back-filled with gravel, which was then compacted.

The path was outlined with a soldier course of large concrete pavers, and topped with limestone screenings, which were also compacted. Gravel was a much cheaper option for the paths than manufactured pavers or limestone slabs.

Boxwood shrubs (Buxus ‘Green Gem’) for the outer L-shaped edge beds came the following season. I was still freelancing as a garden designer, and so I was able to pick them up at wholesale prices, which helped a good deal, as they are expensive plants. (Prior to that, I had planted a hedge of annual fountain grass, which I grew cheaply from seed.)

four-square with boxwoods

The boxwood shrubs beginning to get established in the L-shaped borders

Unlike other parts of the property, which are dominated by ornamental grasses and mostly late-season and native perennials, I wanted this garden to be more of a traditional flower garden — populated with old favorites such as peonies — and providing lots of color through the season. More about that in Evolution of the four-square garden: Part 2.

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Gorgeous country garden property for sale

by Yvonne Cunnington on January 17, 2012 · 20 comments

in Country living

As disappointed regular readers will have noted, I stopped blogging some time ago – in mid-July of last year. I received a comment today from a reader named Steve, who said, “Please don’t stop blogging! I still check in for new posts and beautiful pictures.”

Book Road Propery

Our house from the road


The reason for my silence: what happened is that last June we decided to put our property on the market. And once there was a “For Sale ” sign at the end of the driveway, for some reason I found it very difficult to blog. Of course, when we decided to list our property, it was with mixed feelings.

House from pond

Looking at the house from the naturalized farm pond

I have been identified with gardening for more than 20 years and with this property for almost 14 years. The view from our windows, the privilege of living so close to nature and the privacy that we have enjoyed here is priceless.

Front door view

The view from the front door on a late summer morning

Creating this garden paradise from a neglected acreage has really been the creative venture of our lives. I don’t really know how I’ll cope with living in a more urban environment. But I’ve lived in cities before, and I can do it again, even though I’m sure it will not be an easy adjustment.

side door view

The side entry garden looking out over the lawn and weeping willow

Why did we list our property? My husband John will be 65 next year, and we decided that when he retires we would like to simplify our lives. Managing a 10-acre property with extensive gardens is energy and resource intensive, as you can imagine.

Book Road meadow

The meadow on the mid-summer morning


We also understand that large country properties with extensive gardens take time to sell, which is why we decided to list well before John’s retirement date.

We have made some changes to one of our gardens (see below), and my next posts will be about that particular makeover, which is a story in three parts. The goal was to simplify maintenance, and it has been a great success, but the transformation took a season.

Renovated garden

Our renovated 4-square garden, with less complicated plantings

PS: Here is the listing if you’re curious.

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Ancaster gardens evening garden tour

by Yvonne Cunnington on July 17, 2011 · 2 comments

in Garden tours

stehpen lewis foundationWe are participating in the charity garden tour, Blooms for Africa, which features 10 gardens in the Ancaster area. Ancaster is just outside of Hamilton, and the unique thing about this tour is that it is an evening garden tour.
The event is on for next Friday and Saturday evening, July 22 and 23, from 6 PM to 10 PM. Most of the gardens will be lit with a variety of styles of garden lighting.

As our garden is too large to attempt to light affordably, the organizers are encouraging people to come here first. I hope we don’t don’t have a traffic jam, but it does get dark around 9 PM. More information about the tour, including where and how to get tickets, is at the Blooms for Africa site.

This campaign was started in March, 2006 by the Stephen Lewis Foundation to raise awareness of and support for grandmothers in Africa. Because of the HIV/AIDS pandemic a whole generation has died leaving orphans to either fend for themselves or taken into care by their grandmothers. (More information about the grandmothers campaign).

It has been terribly dry of late, so the grounds are not looking as wonderful as we had hoped. But when you don’t have rain for weeks, and you get heat and humidity, you’re going to have to accept imperfection. As a perfectionist, I do find this hard to take. The past three summers have been wetter than usual, and I got kind of spoiled. Now it’s back to the reality of a normal hot and dry southern Ontario summer. Dear readers, please do a rain dance for us.

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2011 garden tours – come and see us

by Yvonne Cunnington on May 23, 2011 · 1 comment

in Garden tours,Spring

Tis the season for garden tours. This year we are participating in two tours. The first is the Carnegie Gallery Secret tour on Sunday June 26th, featuring 10 beautiful gardens in and around Dundas and Ancaster. Tickets: $20. More information: Carnegie Gallery garden tour.

The second tour is called Blooms for Africa and it’s a benefit for the Stephen Lewis Foundation. This event is an evening tour toward the end of July. The dates are Friday July 22 and Saturday July 23. More information: Blooms for Africa.

rock garden, John Cunnington

My husband John's rock garden with its jewel-toned alpines in bloom


At last spring appears to have arrived for real — and so far the season has been very cool and extremely wet, setting rainfall records. But in spite of all the rain, John’s rock garden is looking lovely, and our crabapple trees are finally in bloom, about 14 days later than usual. The unsettled weather and frequent rains continue, but all threat of frost appears to be over. Unfortunately, we are also two or three weeks behind in our garden tasks, but I think we will be able to catch up in time for the tours.

What kind of spring has it been? Well, in the past 30 days there have only been five days without any rain at all, and we have had more than 100 mm of precipitation over the norm since March. It’s been difficult to get out to mow the lawn — cutting grass feels a bit like haying at the moment — or to do our weeding rounds. A spring like this always makes me glad that I am not a farmer. If I don’t get all the gardening done, it really doesn’t matter — at least my livelihood is not at stake. And I feel sorry for anyone running a garden center. I haven’t set foot in a nursery or garden center yet the spring, but I think I’ll get there this week. It’s high time to get some annuals for the containers before they all disappear.

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Our wettest spring in 35 years

May 8, 2011

The spring of 2011 has been the wettest spring I have ever experienced in my 20 years as a gardener. According to Environment Canada, in the Hamilton area we have had an amazing 259 mm of precipitation in the past two months – breaking a long-standing record of 247 mm, set in 1976. A headline [...]

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My speaking engagements this spring

February 21, 2011

Spring brings lots of garden shows and events and that means I have speaking engagements. Here’s what I’m doing in the next couple of months: Yvonne Cunnington spring speaking engagements: Mar. 6 at 12:30 p.m.: speaking on our country garden at the Stratford Garden Festival Mar. 16 at 12:30 p.m.: I’ll be at Canada Blooms, [...]

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Seed-starting: annuals we like to grow from seed

February 3, 2011

The days are getting longer and so seed starting is on my mind. Today I went to my favorite local seed company, William Dam Seeds, and bought three types of petunias. We used to grow a lot more plants from seed when we were starting out and needed to populate our gardens with plants. In [...]

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Our garden featured in Canadian Gardening

January 19, 2011

I had my first glimpse today of the Canadian Gardening Magazine Annual Great Garden Guide for 2011, which has 28 pages (4 feature articles!) on different parts of our garden. Last year, the magazine sent a photographer to our property to capture it from winter to spring and summer through to fall. The result is [...]

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